
Nosocomial infections, acquired in healthcare settings, pose a major challenge to the global health system. They not only affect patient health but also increase medical costs and prolong hospital stays. This article explores key measures to improve hospital hygiene and effectively reduce nosocomial infections.
Understanding nosocomial infections
What is a nosocomial infection?
A nosocomial infection is an infection acquired by a patient during their stay in a hospital or another healthcare facility, which was neither present nor incubating at the time of admission.
Risk factors
- Weakened immune systems: Vulnerable patients are more likely to contract infections.
- Invasive procedures: Catheters, probes, and surgical interventions increase the risk.
- Antibiotic resistance: Overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistant bacteria.
Measures to strengthen hospital hygiene
Hand hygiene
- Proper technique: Wash hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
- Disinfection: Use alcohol-based hand sanitizers as a supplement to handwashing.
- Key moments: Before and after patient contact, before aseptic procedures, and after exposure to bodily fluids.
Sterilization and disinfection of equipment
- Sterilization: Use autoclaves to sterilize surgical instruments.
- Disinfection: Clean non-invasive equipment with approved disinfectants.
- Quality control: Perform regular tests to ensure the effectiveness of sterilization processes.
Cleaning of surfaces and environment
- Scheduling: Establish a regular cleaning schedule for all areas.
- Appropriate Products: Use effective detergents and disinfectants against hospital pathogens.
- Staff Training: Train cleaning staff in techniques specific to healthcare environments.
Air quality control
- Filtration systems: Install HEPA filters in critical areas such as operating rooms.
- Positive/Negative air pressure: Use controlled pressure rooms to prevent the spread of infectious agents.
Medical waste management
- Waste Separation: Classify waste based on its hazard level.
- Safe Disposal: Use appropriate containers for sharps and biological waste.
- Regulation Compliance: Adhere to local and national laws on medical waste management.
Staff training and awareness
- Educational Programs: Provide continuous training on hygiene protocols and infection prevention.
- Safety Culture: Encourage a proactive attitude towards infection prevention.
- Individual Responsibility: Ensure each staff member understands their role in maintaining a safe environment.
Involvement of patients and visitors
- Education: Inform patients about the hygiene measures they can take.
- Visitor Policies: Limit visits during outbreaks and provide clear instructions on hygiene practices.
Infection surveillance and management
- Surveillance system: Collect data on infections to identify trends.
- Incident analysis: Investigate nosocomial infection cases to determine causes and prevent recurrence.
- Infection control committees: Create multidisciplinary teams to coordinate efforts.
Conclusion
Reducing nosocomial infections is a priority to invest in patient safety and the efficiency of healthcare. By strengthening hospital hygiene practices, training staff, and involving all stakeholders, it is possible to significantly decrease infection rates. These efforts contribute not only to patient health but also to increased trust in the healthcare system.